污水湿地处理工艺优化组合设计

污水湿地处理系统是利用土壤、作物、微生物自然净化功能的生态工程技术。主要有水面湿地和渗滤湿地两种类型，在天津城市污水土地处理与利用系统研究的基础上，将两种工艺的优点进行优化组合，并应用于大港油田等污水湿地处理工程，运行结果表明：将水面湿地和渗滤湿地工艺优化组合设计的示范工程，具有提高水力负荷、减少运行费用、节省工程投资、处理效果稳定等特点，有利于处理工程的长期稳定运行。     

ESTIMATION OF LONG-TERM DISCHARGE STATISTICS BY REGIONAL ADJUSTMENT1

ABSTRACT: A regional adjustment relationship was developed to estimate long-term (30-year) monthly median discharges from short term (three-year) records. This method differs from traditional approaches in that it is based on site-specific discharge data but does not require correlation of these data with discharges from a single hydrologically similar long-term gage. The method is shown to be statistically robust, and applicable to statistics other than the median.     

Mobility of dimethoate residues from spring broccoli field

Dimethoate [O, O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl-methyl) phosphorodithioate] is a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide currently used worldwide and on many vegetables in Kentucky. Dimethoate is a hydrophilic compound (log K_OW = 0.7) and has the potential of offsite movement from the application site into runoff and infiltration water. The dissipation patterns of dimethoate residues were studied on spring broccoli leaves and heads under field conditions. Following foliar application of Dimethoate 4E on broccoli foliage at the rate of 0.47 L acre^?1, dimethoate residues were monitored in soil, runoff water collected down the land slope, and in infiltration water collected from the vadose zone. The study was conducted on a Lowell silty loam soil (pH 6.9) planted with broccoli under three soil management practices: (i) soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge, (ii) soil mixed with yard waste compost, and (iii) no-mulch rototilled bare soil. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of mixing native soil with municipal sewage sludge or yard waste compost, having considerable amounts of organic matter, on off-site movement of dimethoate residues into runoff and infiltration water following spring rainfall. The initial deposits of dimethoate were 6.2 and 21.4 μ g g^?1 on broccoli heads and leaves, respectively. These residues dissipated rapidly and fell below the maximum residue limit of 2 μ g g^?1 on the heads and leaves after 10 and 14 d, respectively, with half-lives of 5.7 d on broccoli heads and 3.9 d on the leaves. Dimethoate residues detected in top 15 cm of soil (due to droplet drift and wash off residues from broccoli foliage) one day (d) following spraying, were 30.5 ng g^?1 dry soil in the sewage sludge treatment, and 46.1 and 134.5 ng g^?1 dry soil in the yard waste and no mulch treatments, respectively. Water infiltration was greater from yard waste compost treatment than from no mulch treatment, however concentrations of dimethoate in the vadose zone of the three soil treatments did not differ.     

玉米秸秆添加比例对污泥堆肥中Cu和Zn形态的影响

采用BCR连续提取法研究了玉米秸秆添加比例对污泥堆肥中Cu和Zn形态的影响.结果表明:重金属不同形态分配比例的变化能够准确反映重金属形态之间的转化规律;堆肥处理重金属总量不会变化,只是不稳定形态之间相互转化,Cu和Zn被大幅"浓缩",玉米秸秆比例越大,"浓缩效应"越明显;玉米秸秆比例增加有助于酸溶态Cu向可氧化态转化,...     

弧叶型旋转窑烧制污泥陶粒实验研究

实验选取污水污泥、粉煤灰和港口淤泥为原辅材料,采取正交实验设计物料质量配合比与烧制工艺参数,遴选出最佳物料配比和优化的烧制工艺;依照选定物料配比和工艺参数采用弧叶型旋转窑烧制污泥陶粒并测定产品的1 h吸水率,软化系数,堆积密度,表观密度,颗粒级配,粒型系数以及产品浸出毒性等技术指标,选取制得陶粒产品替代全部天然石料配制...     

Degradation of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) in digested sewage sludge under strict anaerobic conditions

The biodegradation of one popular nitramine energetics, ammonium dinitramide (ADN) by mixture of denitrifying bacterial species was investigated. ADN was observed to be effectively mineralized in the anaerobic mixed culture. The initial ADN concentration of 250 mg/L was reduced to non‐detectable levels (> 99% removal efficiency) in 5 days of incubation under anaerobic conditions. Final products generated from anaerobic degradation of nitramine energetics by anaerobic metabolism were NH₄ ⁺, CH₄, and CO₂ that were released to the environment with the denitrifiers’ growth. In addition, it was found that the activity of denitrifiers was inhibited by high concentration of ammonia generated through the degradation reactions of energetic nitrites.     

内外资对中国碳排放影响的比较

国内外学者大多忽略内资而单独研究外资对碳排放的影响,本文基于碳排放核算公式和柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,从资本、劳动异质性角度将资本投入、劳动投入、技术进步按内外资企业分类构建了理论模型,然后基于2002—2014年中国30个省级行政区的相关数据采用经典的Moran’s I指数、局域LISA集群示意图进行了全局和局域空间相关性检验;最后构建空间面板模型比较分析了内外资企业资本投入、劳动投入、技术进步对中国碳排放的影响。结果表明:1中国各省区碳排放存在不可忽视的正向空间自相关性;2内外资企业的资本投入、劳动投入、技术水平的提高均会增加碳排放,其中技术进步因可能的回弹效应而对中国各省区碳排放带来正向影响;3与外资相比,同等幅度的资本投入和技术进步下内资企业带来的碳排放更多,而等量劳动投入下内资企业带来的碳排放更少;4内外资企业资本投入对碳排放的影响程度及其差异均为最大,而劳动投入和技术进步则相对较小。从"两害取其轻"这一相对意义上来看:与外资企业相比,内资企业才是2002—2014年中国碳排放增长的更大推手。由此认为:首先,中国各省级行政区应当以"联防联控"的治理思维来抑制碳排放增长,而不是"各自为政"的思维;其次,制定节能减排政策时应该更加重视回弹效应;最后,制定节能减排政策时应该以"共同而有区别的责任"态度来对待内外资企业,避免"一刀切"。     

多孔矿物载体厌氧固定床处理有机废水研究

通过天然浮石和塑料多孔空心球而制成复合式多孔矿物载体应用于厌氧固定床反应器中,研究反应器挂膜性能,以及处理生活污水、啤酒废水效果,应用扫描电镜观察生物膜微生物相的形态结构.结果表明,反应器挂膜69 d后COD去除率稳定在70%以上,初次启动成功;处理生活污水中平均COD去除率为61.72%;处理啤酒废水中COD去除率高...     

污泥与底泥烧结陶粒骨料的中试研究

建立了中试研究生产线,工艺流程包括干燥、粉磨、混合上料、成型、烧结和烟气处理等,在中试生产线上,对污泥(包括工业污泥(ISS)和生活污泥(DSS))与底泥烧结制备陶粒骨料的物料配比、烧结温度、添加剂等相关技术参数进行了系统研究。研究发现,ISS中CaO和磷的化合物含量较高,导致骨料的膨胀性能不佳,添加一定量的生活污水污泥(DSS)可改善骨料的膨胀性能。中试研究确定600～800级的陶粒骨料烧结的适宜工艺条件为:配比SS∶DSS∶RS=1∶4∶5～1∶5∶4或DSS∶RS=3∶7～5∶5,烧结温度1 140℃,烧结时间28 min环境安全性研究表明,在陶粒烧结过程中大部分重金属在烧结过程中被固定在陶粒中,重金属浸出率非常低,在使用过程中不会对环境产生危害。     

一种新型微生物菌剂处理生活污水

利用从食材中筛选纯化的特定微生物制成复合菌剂,在自然、厌氧和曝气3种不同的供氧条件下,添加不同比例的菌剂处理生活污水,以COD和氨氮浓度为参考指标,考察菌剂对污水的净化效果,并分析其原因。结果表明:(1)菌剂投加量在0.5‰～1‰时对污水中COD的去除具有明显促进作用,自然、厌氧和曝气3种条件下,COD去除率最大分别提高了8.77%、11.22%和11.11%;(2)氨氮的去除效果受反应条件影响很大,厌氧条件下菌剂对污水中氨氮的去除作用不明显,自然和曝气条件下,菌剂对氨氮去除效果显著,去除率增幅最高分别达到22.6%和52.28%;(3)以0.5‰的菌剂投加量曝气处理2 d,COD和氨氮的去除率可以分别提高11.11%和14.13%,初步研究显示,该菌剂对生活污水具有较好的净化效果。